Tracing historical discourses on colonial atrocities and their aftermath: from apology to forgiveness in the Dutch-Indonesian-Moluccan context

This project explores how official apologies from governments - especially for colonial-era atrocities shape and reflect historical narratives. It focuses on the Netherlands’ apologies (or lack thereof) for past wrongs in Indonesia, particularly in the Maluku Islands. While Dutch leaders have acknowledged some colonial violence, Moluccan experiences remain largely overlooked. The study examines how these apologies are framed in political speeches, the media, and public debates in both the Netherlands and Indonesia. It also investigates how different communities - especially the Indonesian diaspora - respond to these apologies and what they believe is needed for true reconciliation. Using a mix of historical analysis, media research, and focus group discussions, the project will track changes in public discussions about colonial history over the past 75 years. It aims to highlight forgotten perspectives, challenge dominant narratives, and propose ways to make state apologies more meaningful. Ultimately, the research seeks to understand whether apologies can lead to forgiveness and what role language plays in shaping justice and memory.