This project aims to examine the changes in the Benedictines’ ideology of property and poverty in twelfth-century Normandy. Traditional research attributes these changes to Cistercian criticism, but this project will focus on the impact of other four contemporary trends related to local bishops, aristocratic structure, monastic networks, and the legal nature of property. The project is funded by China Scholarship Council (CSC) and Ghent University Special Research Fund (BOF).