In the face of planetary-wide anthropogenic change, new knowledge and methods are required to better grasp how human and nonhuman actors have contributed to global socio-environmental transformations of rural landscapes. Strategic sites for carbon storage, water sources, and biodiversity, as well as home to resilient indigenous communities, Andean wetlands offer a unique site to examine “more-than-human” landscape histories, and how these can inform contemporary socio-environmental challenges. Based on two case studies in wetland areas of the Bolivian-Chilean highlands, the HI-LANDeS project, which is funded under Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, aims to develop a more-than-human approach to investigate the role of indigenous communal practices and knowledge production around water and land in the transformation and governance of rural landscapes. The project implementation is based on archival research, fieldwork, and community workshops, analysed within a global framework and a transdisciplinary collaboration. Through knowledge transfer between historical-ethnographic research and environmental governance, the insights to be gained could facilitate the adoption of more inclusive conservation and rural development policies both at local and global levels.